Algiers, the capital city of Algeria, is located on the West side of a bay of the Mediterranean Sea. Fondly referred to as 'Al-Djaza'ir' by locals and known as 'Alger' in French, it is one of the principal cities of North Africa, rich in history and cultural heritage. The city's name is derived from the Arabic word 'Al-Jaza'ir,' which translates to 'The Islands', referencing the small islands that once existed in the bay before being connected to the mainland in the 16th century by the Ottomans. Algiers is the political and economic center of Algeria and has a population that is a diverse mix of Arab, Berber, and French influences as a result of its complex history. The city plays a significant role in Algerian history, having been a pivotal center during the country's long struggle for independence from French colonial rule, which was achieved in 1962. The Battle of Algiers in 1957 is a particularly important historical event, being an emblematic moment in the fight for Algerian independence. Algiers' medina, the Casbah, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and epitomizes the city's traditional architecture with narrow lanes and white-washed houses. The Casbah, like much of Algiers, bears witness to the city's Ottoman and colonial-era architecture, which contributes to its distinct and picturesque urban landscape. This blending of cultural influences is also reflected in cuisine, music, and daily life. Algiers is host to various cultural festivals and events that celebrate its diverse heritage, including the annual Algiers International Film Festival. In terms of demographics, the city has seen substantial growth over the past few decades and is now home to over 3 million people as of the latest estimates. The population consists mainly of Sunni Muslims, and Islam is the dominant religion, deeply rooted in the society's values and traditions. The city's economy is primarily driven by the oil and gas industry, as Algeria is a key global hydrocarbon producer. However, Algiers is also trying to diversify its economy through investments in tourism, financial services, and information technology. Modern Algiers is a city looking to the future while celebrating its storied past. It's working to expand its infrastructure, including the construction of the Algiers Metro and upgrading its port facilities. Algiers is not only a political and economic hub but also an educational center, hosting several universities and institutions of higher education that draw individuals from across the country and the region. As Algiers continues to evolve, it remains a city deeply connected to its history and tradition, while asserting itself as a cosmopolitan urban center on the Mediterranean.