Chandigarh is a city and a union territory in the northern part of India that serves as the capital of the states of Punjab and Haryana. As a union territory, the city is governed directly by the Central Government of India. Chandigarh is notable for being the first planned city in post-independence India. It was designed by the famous French architect Le Corbusier, along with his team including Pierre Jeanneret, Maxwell Fry, and Jane Drew. The project was entrusted to Le Corbusier by then-prime minister, Jawaharlal Nehru, who wanted Chandigarh to be a symbol of the nation's progressive outlook and modernity. The city is renowned for its architecture and urban design, holding a unique place on the global architectural map. Chandigarh is divided into well-organized sectors, each functioning as a self-contained neighborhood with its own market, parks, schools, and other amenities. The city's master plan has even influenced urban planning across India. Geographically, Chandigarh is situated near the foothills of the Shivalik range of the Himalayas and approximately 260 km north of New Delhi. The city spans an area of around 114 square km and is situated at an average elevation of 321 meters above sea level. Chandigarh's climate is considered subtropical, characterized by hot summers, cold winters, and a monsoon season. Historically, the area that is now Chandigarh has a long history dating back to ancient times, but the city itself is a post-independence creation, established in the 1950s after the partition of India in 1947, which caused the state of Punjab to lose its capital Lahore, now in Pakistan. Culturally, Chandigarh is a melting pot with residents from different parts of India, bringing together diverse customs, cuisines, and languages. Punjabi culture is predominant, reflected in the city's vibrant Bhangra music, dance, and festivals such as Lohri and Baisakhi. The city's Sector 17 Plaza is a hub for cultural activities and shopping. Demographically, Chandigarh has a population characterized by diversity, with a significant number of people from Punjab, Haryana, and various other Indian states. As per the 2011 Census, the city's population is around 1 million, with a high literacy rate. The city's populace is known for its sophistication, progressive attitudes, and high standard of living. Chandigarh boasts an array of landmarks that depict its unique blend of natural beauty and architectural excellence. Some notable examples include the Rock Garden, an open-air exhibition hall that displays sculptures made from urban and industrial waste created by Nek Chand, the Rose Garden, and the Sukhna Lake, which is a man-made reservoir at the foothills of the Himalayas. In summary, Chandigarh stands out as a prime example of urban planning and modern architecture. It is an important cultural and economic hub that retains a charm of its own, amidst the quintessentially North Indian ethos and is a testament to India's aspirations and forward-thinking in the decades following its independence.