Ciudad Juárez, commonly known as Juárez, and formerly known as El Paso del Norte (Pass of the North), is a border city in the Mexican state of Chihuahua. With a population of over 1.3 million people, it is the largest city in the state and serves as one of the main borders between Mexico and the United States, adjacent to the city of El Paso, Texas. The Rio Grande river defines the border between the two cities and countries. Spanish is the predominant language spoken in the region, reflecting its status as part of the Spanish-speaking world and its proximity to the United States, where many residents are bilingual. The city is a major point of entry and transport for goods between the two nations and plays a significant role in the bilateral trade relationship. The Bridge of the Americas, or El Puente de las Américas, is one of the busy borders where pedestrians and vehicles cross from Mexico into the United States or vice versa. Ciudad Juárez has been a focal point of commerce and migration, contributing to a multicultural and economically dynamic environment. Historically, the city was founded in 1659 and has undergone various territorial changes, witnessing pivotal events in Mexican history, including parts of the Mexican Revolution. Cultural influences in the city come from indigenous roots, specifically the indigenous Tarahumara people, as well as from the Spanish colonial period and the city's ongoing relationship with its northern neighbor. The city is known for its vibrant local arts scene, with numerous festivals, museums, and markets that celebrate the traditions and contemporary culture of the region. A prominent feature of Juárez's cultural landscape is the annual Feria Juárez, a fair that includes music, dance, and traditional Mexican food. In terms of demographics, Ciudad Juárez has a young and diverse population with various socio-economic backgrounds. The industrial base includes a large number of maquiladoras—factories that import materials on a duty-free and tariff-free basis for assembly or manufacturing and then export the assembled product, usually back to the originating country. Due to its border location, the city has been faced with challenges such as organized crime and the issues associated with drug trafficking; however, efforts have been made to improve security and enhance the local economy. Education and healthcare facilities have been essential in improving the quality of life for Juárez's residents. The city is home to several higher education institutions such as the Autonomous University of Ciudad Juárez. Ciudad Juárez also holds a significant place in the collective consciousness of both Mexico and the United States due to the complexities of migration, cross-border interactions, and the quest for better living standards that define this part of the world. The city continues to evolve, with national and international investments contributing to infrastructure, cultural and social projects, as the city aims to enhance its standing as a key urban center on the Mexico-U.S. border.